User Guide - Table of Contents
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1. The Economics Pack
1.1 Introduction
Origin, aim and result, Mathematica, Efficiency, A guide, Acknowledgements
2. Getting started
2.1 The first line
The second line, The third line, Using the palettes, All in one line
3. System Enhancement
3.1 Introduction
Always available, To be loaded specifically
3.2 Money exchange rates and conversion
Summary, Main routines, Exchange rates, Exchange rates and interest
rates, Using an already defined databank, Defining a new databank, Subroutines,
MoneyForm, Note
3.3 Time and Date
Summary, Date formats, Financial date object, Input facilities, Utilities
3.4 Graphically displaying events
and plans
Summary, Examples, Main routines, Subroutines
3.5 Easy construction of arrow diagrams
Summary, Example, User steps, The nodes, The arrows, Show the results,
Paths
3.6 Matrices
Summary, Block diagonal matrices, Definiteness, Bordered matrices and
Successive Bordered Minors, Definiteness for bordered matrices
3.7 Calculus, Convexity, Lagrange
and Kuhn-Tucker
Summary, Inverse function, Gradient, Hessian and Jacobian, Standard
analysis of a real function, Convexity and concavity, Substitute h[x] back
in h'[x], Constrained optimisation with equality constraints, Constrained
optimisation with inequality constraints
3.8 Databank
Summary, Introduction, Example, Databank procedures, Show the data,
Updating
4. Logic and Inference
4.1 Introduction
Decision support environment, Propositional logic versus predicate
logic, Steps and drawbacks, About Inference
4.2 Propositional logic
Summary, Loading the package, Enhancement of And and Or, Decide, Englogish:
From statement to proper sentence to proposition, Conclude, Deduce, Algebraic
structure, Truth tables
4.3 Logical analysis of longer texts
Summary, Loading the package, Paragraph, Utilities, Example
4.4 Logic laboratory
Summary, Loading the package, LogicLab, Example
4.5 Inference with the axiomatic
method
Summary, Introduction, Infer, Axioms and metarules, InferenceMachine,
The axiomatic method and EFSQ, Expansion subroutines, Different forms,
Accounting
5. Economics
5.2 Social welfare and voting
Summary, Introduction, Key concepts, Efficiency majority, Borda, Pairwise
majority, The Pref[...] object, The PrefPairs[...] object, Smaller tools,
For the link with Graphs
5.3 Economic Common routines and other
Summary, Introduction, The main notion of aggregation, Cost and profit,
Aggregator control, ResetFactors, Other factor control, Factor demand,
Marginal values, Elasticities, Other properties, SetFunction, Symbols only,
Inventory Model, Economic`Optimise`, Economic`Graphics`
5.4 The Constant Elasticity of Substitution
function
Summary, Introduction, Canonical and normal form, The CES function,
Flexible input format, Check on the elasticity, Graphics, Utilities, Example
notebooks
5.5 CES-like functions
Summary, The shifted CES, The level CES, Indirect Addilog Demand System
(IADS)
5.6 Applied General Equilibrium analysis
Summary, Introduction, Example, Setting up a model, Parameters and
assignment, The equilibrium, Plotting, Expansion paths, Subroutines, The
Static Leontief Model (SLM), The Dynamic Leontief Model (DLM)
5.7 Macro economics
Summary, Introduction, Example model, The I = S and L = M model, Value
added, The labour market, Undefined symbols
5.8 Taxes and premiums
Summary, Introduction, Levy Plot, Minimum notions, Tax transforms and
marginal rates, Tax revenue, Tax Void Diagram, Indexation of rates, The
Dynamic Marginal Rate, Optimal taxation, Curved tax, Utilities
5.9 Game theory and decision theory
Summary, Introduction, Pay-off and Loss, LookAt, Regret, Minimax, Mixed
strategies and the value of the game, Interfacing with the Nash`Nash` package,
Minimal due and the value of perfect information, Decision theory, Relation
to prospects and decision trees
5.10 Monopoly and cartel
Summary, Introduction, Monopoly, Cartel
5.11 Peak load pricing
Summary, Introduction, Main routine, Subroutines, Plotting
5.12 Introduction to finance
Summary, Introduction, Symbols only, Rate of return, Interest rates,
Portfolio object, Simple accounting, Accounting: Balance sheet, income
statement and cash flow statement, For the CAPM
5.13 Finance topics with a flat rate
of interest
Summary, Introduction, Discounting, CashFlow finance object, Present
value, Yield, Periodical payment, Payment Tables, Schemes on redemption,
Balance sheet accounting
5.14 The Capital Asset Pricing Model
Summary, Introduction, The small models, Consequences for the price
of an asset, Plots and scatter, Portfolios, CAPMSolve: The Markowitz efficient
frontier, CAPMSolve: The market portfolio, Regression, Security Market
Line, Performance
5.15 Finance enhancement
Summary, Order of contexts, Graphics, New objects, Bonds, Portfolio
object, Utilities
5.16 Transport economics and transport
science
Summary, Introduction, Vehicle profits, Owning or hiring, Link capacity,
Route distances, Time equivalent charter, Freight
6. Statistics
6.1 Introduction
Encouragement, Choice of subjects
6.2 Data formats
Summary, Different data formats, Data nomenclature, Terms, Accessing
the data, Labels, Years, Exploiting the data structure, Setting the data,
Alternative format: DataList stuctures, Missing data
6.3 Data files
Summary, Using a Dump directory, File types, Data format, DataList
format, Math format, Packages, Comma Separated Variable format, DIF format
6.4 Databases with Dbase`
Summary, Using a Dump directory, Introduction, Example data, Dbase[
], Storing the data, Reading data, Reading an earlier data selection, Dictionary,
Packages that call .dalt's, and more files per context
6.5 Chain indices for volumes and
prices
Summary, Introduction, The main routines, Subroutines
6.6 Statistics`Common`
Summary, Introduction, Symbols only, Data manipulation, Presenting
data in a bar chart, Statistical measures, The normal distribution, The
lognormal function, The Beta function, Probability
6.7 Probability
Summary, Prospects, Valueing prospects, Subroutines, Random drawing
from Prospects, Independent prospects, JointProspects, Formal development,
TraditionalForm output printing, Event Universe, Bayes, To conditional,
From conditional, Pr is orderless and ConditionalPr a bit, Example of ConditionalPr,
Utilities, Appendix: Rejected formats
6.8 Risk
Summary, Introduction, Prospects and risk, Risk models, Risk concepts,
Projection of moredimensional prospects and outcomes, Subroutines, Statistics,
Prospect plotting, JointProspects and risk, Continuous densities, Symbols
only, Certainty equivalence, Insurance
6.9 Statistical decision theory
Summary, Introduction, Example 1, Type I and type II errors, Technical
subroutines
6.10 Sampling
Summary, Introduction, Approximating the binomial with a normal distribution,
Operating characteristic curve, Case 1: Accuracy with confidence for a
normal distribution, Case 2: Point hypotheses for a normal distribution,
Case 3: Point hypotheses for a binomial, using the normal distribution,
Apart from these cases: using the Binomial directly, Sequential observations
and control charts
6.11 test
Summary, Introduction, Short example, Chi2 and Chi2PValue, Example
problem with three dimensions, The options, Subroutine PrEst
6.12 Crosstables and the
Summary, Introduction, Example questionnaire, Make and QuickTest, Using
weights, Outliers, Larger data sets
7. Econometrics
7.2 Dynamic modeling
Summary, Introduction, Models with one lag, The Model` package, Model[
], Setting the data, Running the model, Data management, Step by step
7.3 Estimation of nonlinear systems
Summary, Introduction, Single equation, Systems of equations, Subroutines
7.4 Timeseries approaches
Summary, Introduction, Backward lag operator, Transformation into systems
of equations with single lags, Comparing Stine's package and WRI's TSP
7.5 Neural networks
Summary, Introduction, Freeman's routines, Logistic function, Hinton
diagram, Data, Input facility for .1 and .9, Pattern recognition
7.6 Genetic programming
Summary, Introduction, Genesis, Estimation fitness criterion, Evolution,
Show and analyse results, Subroutines, Notes
7.7 Operations research
Summary, Introduction, Gantt charts, Johnson's rule and Gantt charts,
Inventory basics, Economic Order Quantity, Economic Batch Quantity, Inventory
control: P and Q-systems, Piecewise discontinuities, One time optimal capacity
7.8 Linear programming
Summary, Introduction, Numerical LP analysis, Separate routines, Unbounded
solutions and degeneracy, 2D plotting and projecting, Boundaries, The transport
problem, Transport problem subroutines, Carter's symbolic LP
7.9 Queueing
Summary, Introduction, Concepts and symbols, The single server model,
Single server utilities, The finite source single server model, The multiple
servers model, Sacrifice ratio plot
Appendix A: Common routines
A.1 Numerical calculation
Addition and division, Zero, Indeterminate and Null, Ranges, NIntegrate
the positive area, Exponential smoothing, Some small utilities
A.2 Symbolic manipulation
DQ, ToSequence, Expression tests, Using levels, Rule basics, Combine
or delete rules, ReplaceInRule and ReplaceRule, Replacement by head count,
Other uses of Heads, Simplification, Redefine, UnNumberForm
A.3 Strings and patterns
Names and Symbols, Lists of strings, DefinitionToString, Patterns
A.4 Lists
Quantifiers, Understanding structures of lists, Using a mold, Repeat
operations, Sets, Matching and pairs, Indexed sorting and RealSort, Matrices,
Aggregation and transpose, ArgMaxQ and ArgMinQ, Average and standarddeviation,
center and radius, and distance, Angles and polar forms, Lead, Lag, Dif,
UnitIndex, RateOfChange, LessEqual for list
A.5 Data input and presentation
Data handling, Presentation with TableForm, A simple database, Printing,
Data and DataList formats, Tabulate
A.6 Equations and models
Plain symbols, Simple symbols with conventions, Turning inequalities
into equations, Variables, variates, symbols, undefined and non-attributed
symbols and terms, Variations on Solve, SolveFrom, Presenting and selecting
solutions, Dynamics, Setting values
A.7 Programming
Debugging, Input Options, Output Results, Memory constrained execution
A.8 Context
Listing the contents of a context or package, Listing the contents
of a routine, Looking for expressions, Back Apostrophe, $ContextPath and
BeginContext, Controling definitions and adding usage to a key, Working
in contexts, ShadowHull
A.9 Graphics
Asymptots, Graphics primitives, An application of these, PlotLine,
Inverse plot, Phase diagram, Contours of constraints by polynomial approximation,
Some utilities
A.10 Economics tools
Elasticities and growth, Economic functions, Some contours, Linear
programming 2D Plot, Demand and supply cross
A.11 Domain control, inequalities and
piecewise
Introduction, Domain control via piecewise, ConditionalApply, Domain,
Interval and EPS, Inequalities and Interval, FunctionDomainQ and FunctionRangeQ,
WhichIFPair: Selecting from various functions and intervals
Appendix B: Literature
B.2 Included papers that use the Pack